study of topographic patterns of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve [EBSLN] in conventional neck surgery: cadaveric and surgical dissection

Based on a cadaveric and surgical dissection of 38 superior thyroid poles [19 fresh cadavers] and 20 superior thyroid poles [15 patients for thyroidectomy and total thyroid lobectomy], a topographic categorization of external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve [EBSLN] was planned considering the hazard during thyroidectomy. This study correlated between the cadavers and the surgical dissection and presented a simple and easy classification to the relation of the EBSLN and superior thyroid artery with the upper pole of the thyroid lobe and also compared between them. Only one patient had a sign of the EBSLN injury postoperatively, probably caused by dissection or during ligation of superior thyroid pedicle in high risk dissection area behind the thyroid pole. The topographic description pattern of variable course of the EBSLN may help to decrease the risk of iatrogenic lesion of this imperative nerve

Middle ear pressure changes during different inhalation anesthesia comparative study by tympanometry between modern and old inhalational anesthetic agents

This investigation examined the effect of modern inhalant anesthesia [isoflurane and sevoflurane] in comparison with older inhalational agent [halothane] with or without nitrous oxide on middle ear pressure [MEP]. Tympanometry was used to measure MEP variations. Seventy-six subjects were examined with tympanometry prior to inhalant anesthesia and baseline tympanometry was performed. This study found that the changes of MEP are significantly greater when nitrous oxide added to any of modern or older inhalational agents. The results have shown that administration of nitrous oxide with these agents should be used with great care during tympanic membrane grafting, ossiculoplasty or ossicular replacement prosthesis

Anthropometric measurments of the Egyptian ear auricle

Anthropometric measurements of the human ear auricle have been done focusing on the length, width, insertion and inclination of the auricle. Four hundred subjects of both genders aged from one month to 55 years old were included in this study. The averages of length, width, insertion and inclination were measured in each age group, recorded and analyzed. It was found that the rate of growth in length, insertion, width and inclination was 45, 30, 24 and 24% successively in the age period from newborn up to less than nine years age. In the next age periods from nine years to less than 15 years, the rate of growth was 28, 12, 8 and 2.5% as regards the width, length, insertion and inclination. After the age of 15 years, the growth of the auricle was minimal

Unexplained fever in intensive care unit patients with nasal intubation [is the cause: maxillary sinusitis]

Fever in ICU patients with nasal intubation were evaluated of 183 patients. In the present study, systemic diagnostic protocol comprising comprising expanded physical examination, observation of other cause of fever an sepsis, otorhinolaryngological examination starting by anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, early roentgen examination, pneumatic otoscopy and antral irrigation as a diagnosis and treatment. From the results obtained, it was recommended that nasal tubes must be exchanged to oral tubes as soon as it clinically feasible where safe choice exist. Plain X-ray is advised in feverish in ICU patients with rhinorrhea. The treatment started early by specific antibiotic, nasal decongestant and sinus irrigation if indicated